1. The words that are being used in this cartoon are: deficit, budget, and spending. In a way, all of these words go hand and hand. A deficit of any kind leads to spending on a budget for departments of the government.
2. In the cartoon, the Washington state expenses are all on a bus that is suck in between the deficit and the state budget. In order for the bus to get over, healthcare and education have to get off of the bus and push. This means that the healthcare and education cost is not included in the state spending budget. So in order for other issues to be included in the spending in Washington, healthcare and education have to be dropped. 
3. The ideological perspective could be either one of a liberal that is being satirical or of a conservative. But I am leaning more towards a satirical liberal.
4. The message of this cartoon is that in order for the spending in Washington to get better, the government will cut certain aspects of education and healthcare.